绝经前后T1期乳腺癌患者临床特征的分析

目的:分析T1期(肿瘤直径<2cm)原发性乳腺癌女性患者绝经前后在肿瘤大小、病理分类、淋巴结转移率和数目。方法:常规病理检验以及应用免疫组化、HE法分别测定绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者者的ER、PR。结果:两组患者在肿瘤大小上无明显差异,但绝经前乳腺癌患者浸润导管癌的百分比为 84. 7%,绝经后乳腺癌患者的浸润导管癌百分比为 62. 2%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组淋巴结转移率分别为 39. 3%和 25. 5%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组ER和PR阳性伴淋巴结转移的比例经χ2 检验,P<0. 05。结论:绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者在病理分类、淋巴结转移率及数目、ER、PR阳性伴淋巴结转移上有显著性差异。对于T1原发性乳腺癌患者不论有无淋巴结转移,均应行癌肿切除伴Ⅰ、Ⅱ级淋巴结清扫。     

微血管密度与淋巴结微转移作为食管癌分期补充参数的探讨

目的探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中微血管密度(MVD)及区域淋巴结微转移作为食管癌TNM分期补充参数的可行性和意义。方法取术前未经放或化疗的食管癌手术标本22例,Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体检测癌组织MVD,区域淋巴结作常规HE染色和抗细胞角蛋白(CK)抗体免疫组化染色,检测区域淋巴结的转移和微转移。结合临床病理特征进行统计分析。结果肿瘤MVD平均值为41.6±14.32。MVD与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴转移、术后早期复发相关(P<0.05);与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。CK免疫组化染色使淋巴结阳性率从30.11%提高至42.05%。N0期CK( )患者与N1期患者3年复发、转移率分别为40.0%和42.86%(P>0.05)。结论微血管密度和区域淋巴结微小转移是食管癌的重要预后因素,分别作为食管癌分期T、N因素的补充参数,对预示食管癌预后有重要意义。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌复发转移的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后放化疗后复发转移的价值.方法 对可疑复发转移的40例NSCLC患者行18F-FDG符合线路显像,并于显像前后1周内行CT扫描.用三维(3D)图像融合软件进行图像融合.结果 在18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT扫描相同的范围内,40例患者共检出病灶58处,其中恶性52处,良性6处.融合图像诊断NSCLC复发转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比分别为94.23%(49/52),5/6,93.10%(54/58),98.00%(49/50),5/8,5.65及0.07.图像融合灵敏度、准确性明显高于CT.单纯18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断效能与图像融合无差别,但与CT图像融合可明显提高对病灶的定位诊断(提高44.83%).结论 18F-FDG符合线路与CT图像融合诊断NSCLC术后放化疗后复发转移灵敏度高,定位准确,值得推广应用.     

Preoperative Chemotherapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Impact on Hepatic Histology and Postoperative Outcome

Some investigators have suggested that preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic colorectal metastases may cause hepatic injury and increase perioperative morbidity and mortality. The objective of the current study was to examine whether treatment with preoperative chemotherapy was associated with hepatic injury of the nontumorous liver and whether such injury, if present, was associated with increased morbidity or mortality after hepatic resection. Two-hundred and twelve eligible patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases between January 1999 and December 2005 were identified. Data on demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and preoperative chemotherapy details were collected and analyzed. The majority of patients received preoperative chemotherapy (n = 153; 72.2%). Chemotherapy consisted of fluoropyrimidine-based regimens: 5-FU monotherapy, 31.6%; irinotecan, 25.9%; and oxaliplatin, 14.6%. Among those patients who received chemotherapy, the type of chemotherapy regimen predicted distinct patterns of liver injury. Oxaliplatin was associated with increased likelihood of grade 3 sinusoidal dilatation (p = 0.017). Steatosis >30% was associated with irinotecan (27.3%) compared with no chemotherapy, 5-FU monotherapy, and oxaliplatin (all p < 0.05). Irinotecan also was associated with steatohepatitis, as two of the three patients with steatohepatitis had received irinotecan preoperatively. Overall, the perioperative complication rate was similar between the no-chemotherapy group (30.5%) and the chemotherapy group (35.3%) (p = 0.79). Preoperative chemotherapy was also not associated with 60-day mortality. In patients with hepatic colorectal metastases, preoperative chemotherapy is associated with hepatic injury in about 20 to 30% of patients. Furthermore, the type of hepatic injury after preoperative chemotherapy was regimen-specific. Presented at the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association 2006 Annual Meeting, March 11, Miami, Florida.     

18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET和PET-CT在结直肠癌术后复发或转移中的应用价值

临床常规检查方法对结直肠癌术后复发转移的诊断及再分期有一定局限性，^18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（^18F-FDG）PET作为一种功能代谢显像检查，能早期探测到肿瘤有无复发，准确鉴别术后瘢痕与复发，且能提供全面、准确的再分期信息，有助于制定合理的临床治疗方案，但仍存在假阳性及假阴性诊断。PET-CT融合显像有助于PET图像的正确解释，定位、定性准确度高，应用前景广阔。     

Survivin与肿瘤转移

Survivin是一种新型凋亡抑制因子，近年来不断发现其在肿瘤组织中表达，并与肿瘤转移和预后密切相关，成为新的研究热点，同时也为肿瘤转移靶向治疗提供了全新的方向。     

肿瘤干细胞是中医药防治恶性肿瘤复发转移的可能靶点

肿瘤的复发转移是导致恶性肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因，寻求防治恶性肿瘤复发及转移的靶点是目前肿瘤研究的重点。研究表明肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤的复发转移中扮演着极其重要的角色，目前尚没有靶向调控肿瘤干细胞功能的成熟的方法。中医药在防治恶性肿瘤复发转移中有较好的疗效，为了更好地发挥这种疗效，并深入探讨其作用机制，应对中医药调控肿瘤干细胞功能进行相关研究，找出中医药作用的最终作用靶点。     

217例早期胃癌扩大胃切除与淋巴结清除术的回顾分析

目的评价早期胃癌不同扩大手术的实际意义，以选择合理的胃切除和淋巴结清除范围。方法以临床病理资料完整、施行规范D2及扩大手术的217例早期胃癌患者为研究对象。分析施行不同扩大手术的原因、淋巴结清除的必要性及第Ⅱ站淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的相关性。结果胃上部癌行全胃切除术6例，No．5、6淋巴结均未见转移；联合脾、脾动脉切除2例，No．10、11p、11d淋巴结均未见转移；胃下部癌联合横结肠系膜切除3例，No．15淋巴结未见转移。以上病例术中多数误认为进展期胃癌而扩大了胃切除或淋巴结清除范围，手术时间长，术中失血较多。胃下部癌清除的第Ⅱ站淋巴结中No．11p、12a、14v均未见转移；黏膜下癌（sm癌）中，No．7、8a淋巴结转移率明显高于黏膜内癌（m癌）（P〈0．05）；淋巴管癌栓阳性者No．7淋巴结转移较阴性者明显增多（P〈0．001），No．1、13淋巴结转移仅出现在淋巴结转移高危病例（sm、癌灶大于3．0cm、凹陷型，淋巴管癌栓阳性）。结论早期胃癌不需施行淋巴结扩大清除术和联合脏器切除。早期胃上部癌不需施行全胃切除术。早期胃下部癌中No．11p、12a、14v淋巴结不需清除．但对胃下部癌淋巴结转移高危病例，应行标准D2淋巴结清除术。     

胃癌腹腔冲洗液多巴脱羧酶mRNA的检测

目的：通过检测胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达，探讨多巴胶羟酶（DDC）与胃癌腹膜转移的关系，并为胃癌腹膜转移预测和亚临床转移的筛检提供新的方法．方法：用RNA提取和RT-PCR方法检测92例胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达，同时做腹腔冲洗细胞学（PLC）检查；10例良性疾病的腹腔冲洗液作为阴性对照，结果：92例胃癌腹腔冲洗液中有57例检测到DDCmRNA的表达（62．0％），其表达阳性率与胃癌腹膜转移的PS因素密切相关（P〈0．05）；且胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达水平还与胃癌浸润深度、浆膜类型、PLC检查结果以及是否存在肉眼腹膜转移有关，浸润深度深、浆膜受侵程度重、PLC检查结果阳性及存在肉眼腹膜转移病灶者的DDCmRNA表达相对值明显升高（P〈0．05）；而10例良性疾病腹腔冲洗液均未检测到DDCmRNA的表达．结论：胃癌腹腔液中DDCmRNA的表达与胃癌腹膜转移密切相关，通过RT—PCR来检测DDCmRNA适用于胃癌腹膜转移的预测和亚临床转移的筛检。     

Treatment strategy for synchronous metastases of colorectal cancer: is hepatic resection after an observation interval appropriate?

Background In cases of synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases, the primary colorectal cancer strongly influences on the metastases. Our treatment policy has been to conduct hepatic resection for the metastases at an interval of 3 months after colorectal resection. We examined the appropriateness of interval hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis. Materials and methods The subjects were 164 patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (synchronous, 70 patients; metachronous, 94 patients). Background factors for hepatic metastasis and postoperative results were compared for synchronous and metachronous cases. Results The cumulative survival rate for 164 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 71.9%, 51.8%, and 36.6%, and the post-resection recurrence rate in remnant livers was 26.8%. Interval resection for synchronous hepatic metastases was conducted in 49 cases after a mean interval of 131 days. No difference was seen in postoperative outcome between synchronous and metachronous cases. Conclusion The outcome was similarly favorable in cases of synchronous hepatic metastasis and in cases of metachronous metastasis. Delaying resection allows accurate understanding of the number and location of hepatic metastases, and is beneficial in determining candidates for surgery and in selecting surgical procedure.